关于Android WindowManager行为变化

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本文是关于针对Android WindowManager悬浮窗行为变化的总结。

官方参考

WindowManager
public interface WindowManager
implements ViewManager

android.view.WindowManager

示例

首先创建一个简单的WindowManager悬浮窗，具体代码如下:

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package com.shoewann.windowmanager;

import android.graphics.PixelFormat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.WindowManager;

import com.shoewann.windowmanager.view.FloatView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        (findViewById(R.id.btn_show)).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                setUpFloatView();
            }
        });
    }

    public void setUpFloatView() {
        WindowManager windowManager = (WindowManager) getSystemService(WINDOW_SERVICE);
        FloatView floatView = new FloatView(getApplicationContext());
        WindowManager.LayoutParams params = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();
        params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_PHONE;
        params.format = PixelFormat.RGBA_8888;
        params.gravity = Gravity.START | Gravity.TOP;
        params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE;
        params.width = 200;
        params.height = 200;
        params.x = 0;
        params.y = 0;
        floatView.setImageResource(R.mipmap.ic_launcher_round);
        windowManager.addView(floatView, params);
    }
}

上面的代码简单易懂，这里就不再进行解释了。

最后不要忘记了，在AndroidManifest.xml添加所需要的权限。

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<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW" />

行为变化

SDK < Android M

以上的示例代码，在这种情况下(比如Kitkat 4.4)的设备上现在就已经可以成功创建出一个系统悬浮窗了。

运行，效果图如下

windowmanager-k

SDK >= Android M

到了Android M 之后的设备，也就是targetSdkVersion要指定23(及其以上)，程序就会崩溃，抛出如下异常信息：

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E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
                  Process: com.shoewann.windowmanager, PID: 3120
                  android.view.WindowManager$BadTokenException: Unable to add window android.view.ViewRootImpl$W@c1fda7 -- permission denied for this window type
                      at android.view.ViewRootImpl.setView(ViewRootImpl.java:591)
                      at android.view.WindowManagerGlobal.addView(WindowManagerGlobal.java:310)
                      at android.view.WindowManagerImpl.addView(WindowManagerImpl.java:85)
                      at com.shoewann.windowmanager.MainActivity.setUpFloatView(MainActivity.java:39)
                      at com.shoewann.windowmanager.MainActivity$1.onClick(MainActivity.java:21)
                      at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:5198)
                      at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:21147)
                      at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739)
                      at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
                      at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:148)
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5417)
                      at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                      at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:726)
                      at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:616)

参考:SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW

Note: If the app targets API level 23 or higher, the app user must explicitly grant this permission to the app through a permission management screen. The app requests the user’s approval by sending an intent with action ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION. The app can check whether it has this authorization by calling Settings.canDrawOverlays().

官方的解释是，如果你的应用程序目标API等级为23或者更高版本，在使用SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW权限时，需要先调用Settings.canDrawOverlays()来判断一下是否允许创建悬浮窗，如果允许的话就可以创建了，不允许的话还要发送一个action值为ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION的Intent来让用户同意创建悬浮窗。

针对该行为变化，对上面的示例代码进行了修改,添加权限请求，以兼容Android M：

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package com.shoewann.windowmanager;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.PixelFormat;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.WindowManager;

import com.shoewann.windowmanager.view.FloatView;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        (findViewById(R.id.btn_show)).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                if (!commonROMPermissionCheck(MainActivity.this)) {
                    requestAlertWindowPermission();
                } else {
                    setUpFloatView();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public void setUpFloatView() {
        Log.d(TAG, "setUpFloatView() called");
        WindowManager windowManager = (WindowManager) getSystemService(WINDOW_SERVICE);
        FloatView floatView = new FloatView(getApplicationContext());
        WindowManager.LayoutParams params = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();
        params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_PHONE;
        params.format = PixelFormat.RGBA_8888;
        params.gravity = Gravity.START | Gravity.TOP;
        params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE;
        params.width = 200;
        params.height = 200;
        params.x = 0;
        params.y = 0;
        floatView.setImageResource(R.mipmap.ic_launcher_round);
        windowManager.addView(floatView, params);
    }


    private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 1;

    //判断权限
    private boolean commonROMPermissionCheck(Context context) {
        Log.d(TAG, "commonROMPermissionCheck() called with: context = [" + context + "]");
        Boolean result = true;
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
            try {
                Class clazz = Settings.class;
                Method canDrawOverlays = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("canDrawOverlays", Context.class);
                result = (Boolean) canDrawOverlays.invoke(null, context);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.e(TAG, Log.getStackTraceString(e));
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    //申请权限
    private void requestAlertWindowPermission() {
        Log.d(TAG, "requestAlertWindowPermission() called");
        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION);
            intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));
            startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE);
        }

    }

    @Override
    //处理回调
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE) {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
                if (Settings.canDrawOverlays(this)) {
                    Log.i(TAG, "onActivityResult granted");
                    setUpFloatView();
                }else {
                    Log.i(TAG, "onActivityResult denied");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

运行,效果图如下

windowmanager-m

SDK >= Android O

到了Android O 的设备运行上面在M上二次修改的动态请求权限的代码，程序抛出运行时异常，随后崩溃，这又是为什么呢？

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E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
                  Process: com.shoewann.windowmanager, PID: 17929
                  android.view.WindowManager$BadTokenException: Unable to add window android.view.ViewRootImpl$W@d422e7c -- permission denied for window type 2002
                      at android.view.ViewRootImpl.setView(ViewRootImpl.java:789)
                      at android.view.WindowManagerGlobal.addView(WindowManagerGlobal.java:356)
                      at android.view.WindowManagerImpl.addView(WindowManagerImpl.java:93)
                      at com.shoewann.windowmanager.MainActivity.setUpFloatView(MainActivity.java:54)
                      at com.shoewann.windowmanager.MainActivity$1.onClick(MainActivity.java:34)
                      at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:6294)
                      at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:24770)
                      at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:790)
                      at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
                      at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6494)
                      at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                      at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:438)
                      at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:807)

查阅Android Oreo官方文档，Alert windows行为变化

应用程序使用SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW权限时，不再支持如下窗口类型在其他应用和系统窗口之上显示警告窗口了：

  • TYPE_PHONE
  • TYPE_PRIORITY_PHONE
  • TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT
  • TYPE_SYSTEM_OVERLAY
  • TYPE_SYSTEM_ERROR

应用必须使用一个被叫做TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY类型的新窗口类型替代。

当使用TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY类型的窗口为你的应用程序去显示警告窗口，请记住新窗口的如下特征：

  • 一个应用程序的警告窗口总是显示在系统窗口之下，比如状态栏和输入法。
  • 系统能够移除和重置窗口大小，使用TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY类型的窗口去提高屏幕演示
  • 通过打开通知栏窗帘，用户能够访问设置去屏蔽一个应用通过TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY窗口类型去显示警告窗口的显示

针对该行为变化，对上面的示例代码进行了修改，以兼容Android O：

更改TYPE_PHONE为TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY

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-  params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_PHONE;
+  params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY;

运行,效果图如下

windowmanager-o

以上就是简单的对Android WindowManager悬浮窗行为变化的简单总结。如有不足，欢迎指正，谢谢。

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